Glad you decided to just enjoy your vacation. A few more questions if you have time,
@AboveTheBest.
Look back at the diagram, part #20 and #21. That is a washer and retaining nut on the end of the driveshaft inside the cone, and when tightened makes it impossible to pull the shaft through the front the stator housing like yours did. So not only is the driveshaft pressed into the bearings (which have circlips to prevent them from moving), but that nut as well. Something happened in your stator housing.
Take some pics and post here... or if you want we can pick this up once you get back home next week, that is fine.
1. Remove the cone. Is the nut there laying there? Or is the nut on the end of the driveshaft that pulled through?
2. How freely do the two bearings spin. Are they seized? Are they even there?
3. Smell inside the cone and stator housing. Does it smell burned?
4. Was there grease in the cone?
5. Do you know if the pump has ever been rebuilt or taken off? Original impeller?
To fix, as others have said, the parts are not expensive, assuming there is no problem with your stator housing. You'll need new bearings, seals, an impeller removal sleeve/tool, a shop press, a vice, a big crescent wrench, and probably a torch to heat up the impeller threads. (Once you get the driveshaft/impeller out of the boat, it might be possible to press in the driveshaft with the impeller still on, though.)
Also, if you do plan to drive home with the impeller/driveshaft still in the boat, do your best to reassemble the pump, just so that the end of the driveshaft and impeller are not flopping around.
-Greg